Good afternoon,
I have been trying for a couple hours to get the source code to work for the first introduction program, Trangles.cpp, in the 8th edition OpenGL Programming Guide. Found out that I need their libraries and such, so I downloaded, and copied their vgl.h and Loadshaders.h and LoadShaders.cpp into the project directory. This helped a lot! Spent some time debugging the code because of lib’s missing, had to install freeglut libraries and such and include the proper libs in the linkers:
Included linkers:
GL
GLEW
libglut.so
libglut.a
I noticed for somereason the order of these libraries matter, and I wasn’t absolutely sure why that is, assume that the .a file is dependent on the .so file somehow. Anyways this order compiles the code just fine. My problem is that when I run the program, I get a blank black window, now I am assuming that this has something to do with the shaders, as I’ve messed with DirectX before and you need shader files to go with the main program in order to actual see the triangles. I downloaded triangles.vert and triangles.frag, added them to the project, but it didn’t change anything. I note also, that I don’t think it is a problem, but I cant use OpenGL 4.0+, my video drivers only support up to 3.0, AMD Radeon HD 7480D IGP using MESA drivers for Ubuntu. Therefore I changed that in the code where:
glutInitContextVersion(3, 0);
Otherwise I get run time errors.
Here is the code that I am using:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// --- LoadShaders.h ---
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef __LOAD_SHADERS_H__
#define __LOAD_SHADERS_H__
#include <GL/gl.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif // __cplusplus
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// LoadShaders() takes an array of ShaderFile structures, each of which
// contains the type of the shader, and a pointer a C-style character
// string (i.e., a NULL-terminated array of characters) containing the
// entire shader source.
//
// The array of structures is terminated by a final Shader with the
// "type" field set to GL_NONE.
//
// LoadShaders() returns the shader program value (as returned by
// glCreateProgram()) on success, or zero on failure.
//
typedef struct {
GLenum type;
const char* filename;
GLuint shader;
} ShaderInfo;
GLuint LoadShaders( ShaderInfo* );
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif // __cplusplus
#endif // __LOAD_SHADERS_H__
#ifndef __VGL_H__
#define __VGL_H__
// #define USE_GL3W
#ifdef USE_GL3W
#include <GL3/gl3.h>
#include <GL3/gl3w.h>
#else
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# ifdef _DEBUG
# if (_MSC_VER >= 1600)
# pragma comment (lib, "glew_static_vs2010_d.lib")
# else
# pragma comment (lib, "glew_static_d.lib")
# endif
# else
# if (_MSC_VER >= 1600)
# pragma comment (lib, "glew_static_vs2010.lib")
# else
# pragma comment (lib, "glew_static.lib")
# endif
# endif
#endif
#endif
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# ifdef _DEBUG
# if (_MSC_VER >= 1600)
# pragma comment (lib, "freeglut_static_vs2010_d.lib")
# else
# pragma comment (lib, "freeglut_static_d.lib")
# endif
# else
# if (_MSC_VER >= 1600)
# pragma comment (lib, "freeglut_static_vs2010.lib")
# else
# pragma comment (lib, "freeglut_static.lib")
# endif
# endif
#endif
#define BUFFER_OFFSET(x) ((const void*) (x))
#endif /* __VGL_H__ */
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// --- LoadShaders.cxx ---
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include "LoadShaders.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif // __cplusplus
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static const GLchar*
ReadShader( const char* filename )
{
#ifdef WIN32
FILE* infile;
fopen_s( &infile, filename, "rb" );
#else
FILE* infile = fopen( filename, "rb" );
#endif // WIN32
if ( !infile ) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
std::cerr << "Unable to open file '" << filename << "'" << std::endl;
#endif /* DEBUG */
return NULL;
}
fseek( infile, 0, SEEK_END );
int len = ftell( infile );
fseek( infile, 0, SEEK_SET );
GLchar* source = new GLchar[len+1];
fread( source, 1, len, infile );
fclose( infile );
source[len] = 0;
return const_cast<const GLchar*>(source);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
GLuint
LoadShaders( ShaderInfo* shaders )
{
if ( shaders == NULL ) { return 0; }
GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
ShaderInfo* entry = shaders;
while ( entry->type != GL_NONE ) {
GLuint shader = glCreateShader( entry->type );
entry->shader = shader;
const GLchar* source = ReadShader( entry->filename );
if ( source == NULL ) {
for ( entry = shaders; entry->type != GL_NONE; ++entry ) {
glDeleteShader( entry->shader );
entry->shader = 0;
}
return 0;
}
glShaderSource( shader, 1, &source, NULL );
delete [] source;
glCompileShader( shader );
GLint compiled;
glGetShaderiv( shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled );
if ( !compiled ) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
GLsizei len;
glGetShaderiv( shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len );
GLchar* log = new GLchar[len+1];
glGetShaderInfoLog( shader, len, &len, log );
std::cerr << "Shader compilation failed: " << log << std::endl;
delete [] log;
#endif /* DEBUG */
return 0;
}
glAttachShader( program, shader );
++entry;
}
#ifdef GL_VERSION_4_1
if ( GLEW_VERSION_4_1 ) {
// glProgramParameteri( program, GL_PROGRAM_SEPARABLE, GL_TRUE );
}
#endif /* GL_VERSION_4_1 */
glLinkProgram( program );
GLint linked;
glGetProgramiv( program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked );
if ( !linked ) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
GLsizei len;
glGetProgramiv( program, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len );
GLchar* log = new GLchar[len+1];
glGetProgramInfoLog( program, len, &len, log );
std::cerr << "Shader linking failed: " << log << std::endl;
delete [] log;
#endif /* DEBUG */
for ( entry = shaders; entry->type != GL_NONE; ++entry ) {
glDeleteShader( entry->shader );
entry->shader = 0;
}
return 0;
}
return program;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif // __cplusplus
///////////////////////////////////////////////
// OpenGL1_1 main.cpp
//
// Introduction of the OpenGL programming guide
// code that displays triangles
///////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "vgl.h"
#include "LoadShaders.h"
enum VAO_IDs { Triangles, NumVAOs };
enum Buffer_IDs { ArrayBuffer, NumBuffers };
enum Attrib_IDs { vPosition = 0 };
GLuint VAOs[NumVAOs];
GLuint Buffers[NumBuffers];
const GLuint NumVertices = 6;
//------------------------------------------------------
//
// init
//
void init(void)
{
glGenVertexArrays(NumVAOs, VAOs);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[Triangles]);
GLfloat vertices[NumVertices][2] = {
{ -0.90, -0.90 }, // Triangle 1
{ 0.85, -0.90 },
{ -0.90, 0.85 },
{ 0.90, -0.85 }, // Triangle 2
{ 0.90, 0.90 },
{ -0.85, 0.90 }
};
glGenBuffers(NumBuffers, Buffers);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, Buffers[ArrayBuffer]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
ShaderInfo shaders[] = {
{ GL_VERTEX_SHADER, "triangles.vert" },
{ GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, "triangles.frag" },
{ GL_NONE, NULL }
};
GLuint program = LoadShaders(shaders);
glUseProgram(program);
glVertexAttribPointer(vPosition, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(vPosition);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------
// display
//
void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glBindVertexArray(VAOs[Triangles]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, NumVertices);
glFlush();
}
//------------------------------------------------------
// main
//
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(512, 512);
glutInitContextVersion(3, 0);
glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE);
glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
if (glewInit())
{
cerr << "Unable to initialize GLEW . . . exiting" << endl;
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMainLoop();
}
FYI:
[ul]
[li]UBUNTU 15.04[/li][li]AMD Radeon HD 7480D IGP[/li][li]MESA Driver 10.5.2[/li][li]CodeBlocks 13.12 IDE[/li][/ul]
[ATTACH=CONFIG]1063[/ATTACH]