The Problem:
I work with the open source game torcs (can be found on sourceforge). The game’s graphic pipeline is still using the fixed function pipeline (FFP) of OpenGL 1.3.
I try to render the game scenes to textures in a FBO (Framebuffer Object) in order to do some post-processing on the rendered textures. I use OpenGL 3.3.0 NVIDIA 340.102 on my machine with a GeForce 9500GT.
Currently I have set up the FBO with attached textures at GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0&1 (2 in order to have two consecutive frames readable in the shader) and an attached renderbuffer at GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT.
After binding the FBO the game rendering function is executed. This rendering is performed in the fixed function pipeline manner, i.e. does not involve shaders but rather stuff like the “texture environment”, where my knowledge is even more limited than with modern OpenGL.
When I afterwards unbind the FBO and for validation write back the texture via a shader program to the window buffer the scene is incomplete. To be more specific, only the outline of the car is rendered, so are skidmarks of the tires and some smoke. This shows that something is rendered to the texture of the FBO, but not everything. Among others no textures (for trees, houses, grass etc.) are rendered to the texture in the FBO. This suggests that my texture set up is incorrect, but unfortunately my knowledge of OpenGL is limited, which is why I hope for your help.
One other thing worth noting is, that if I leave out the line glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); before the drawing happens then one texture will be displayed (i.e. will be written to the FBO and written back to the window system framebuffer instead of the car outline.
The Code:
The following code shows the initialization of the FBO (from OpenGL Programming/Post-Processing - Wikibooks, open books for an open world):
int screen_width = 640;
int screen_height = 480;
/* Texture A*/
glGenTextures(1, &fbo_texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_texture);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, screen_width, screen_height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
/* Texture B*/
//glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glGenTextures(1, &fbo_texture_a);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_texture_a);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, screen_width, screen_height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
/* Depth buffer */
glGenRenderbuffers(1, &rbo_depth);
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, rbo_depth);
glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, screen_width, screen_height);
glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0);
/* Framebuffer to link everything together */
glGenFramebuffers(1, &fbo);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_texture, 0);
glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_texture_a, 0);
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, rbo_depth);
GLenum status;
if ((status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER)) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
fprintf(stderr, "glCheckFramebufferStatus: error 0x%x", status);
return 0;
}
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
/* Compile and link shaders */
...
The following code shows where the drawing happens: if use_fbo=false then everything will be rendered to screen directly as before. The only changes I made are within the if clauses.
if (use_fbo)
{
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
glPushAttrib(GL_VIEWPORT_BIT);
glViewport(0,0,grWinw, grWinh);
if (fbo_a) // drawing to fbo_texture_a
{
glDrawBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+11);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_texture_a);
}
else
{
glDrawBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+12);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fbo_texture);
}
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
}
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
grScreens[0]->update(s, grFps);//THIS IS WHERE THE DRAWING HAPPENS unchanged from original drawing in TORCS
if (use_fbo)
{
glPopAttrib();
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glDrawBuffer(GL_BACK);
glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glUseProgram(program_postproc);
if (fbo_a) // drawn to fbo_texture_a
{
glUniform1i(uniform_fbo_texture, 11);
glUniform1i(uniform_fbo_texture_a, 12);
fbo_a=!fbo_a;
}
else
{
glUniform1i(uniform_fbo_texture, 12);
glUniform1i(uniform_fbo_texture_a, 11);
fbo_a=!fbo_a;
}
glEnableVertexAttribArray(attribute_v_coord_postproc);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_fbo_vertices);
glVertexAttribPointer(
attribute_v_coord_postproc, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(attribute_v_coord_postproc);
glUseProgram(0);
}
I hope I provided enough information for you to help me with this. Any advice is appreciated.