A Simple question how normal works

Hello,
I drew an object with the following line in fragment shader (taken from OpenGL red book). It can show the edges of the object.

color = vertex.color* (0.1 + abs(vertex.normal.z)) + vec4(0.8, 0.9, 0.7, 1.0) * pow(abs(vertex.normal.z), 40.0);

But if I only use the following, no edges are shown:

color = vertex.color;

Could any one tell me how the differences are made with normals in the first equation.

Thanks in advance

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