Here’s the fragment shader code:
/*
Ported from:
QJuliaFragment.cg
4/17/2004
VVVV HLSL conversion October 2005 by Tebjan Halm
Ported to GLSL/QC Alex Drinkwater April 2008
Intersects a ray with the qj set w/ parameter mu and returns
the color of the phong shaded surface (estimate)
Keenan Crane (kcrane@uiuc.edu)
*/
// Interpolated camera position from VS
varying vec3 eyePos;
// Bacground color
uniform vec4 BackColor;
struct GRIDCELL {
vec3 p[8];
float val[8];
};
// Linearly interpolate the position where an isosurface cuts
// an edge between two vertices, each with their own scalar value
uniform float isolevel; // Def. 0.25
uniform float cubesize; // Def. 0.001
// ISO FUNCTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------
uniform vec3 a; // Range 0.0 > 10.0
uniform vec3 b; // Range 0.0 > 10.0
uniform float t; // Def. 1.125
// The Blob, this function defines the look of the blobs.
// You can put in here any function of a 3d point that has
// some roots close to the origin.
float getVertexValue(vec3 p) {
// The Blob isosurface by Paul Bourke
vec3 sqrP = p*p;
return sqrP.x + sqrP.y + sqrP.z + b.x*sin(a.x*p.x) + b.y*sin(a.y*p.y) + b.z*sin(a.z*p.z)-t;
}
// ISO FUNCTIONS END -----------------------------------------------------------
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PIXELSHADERS:
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Some constants used in the ray tracing process.
// These constants were determined through trial and error and
// are not by any means optimal.
uniform float BOUNDING_RADIUS_2; // square of radius of a bounding sphere for the set used.
// to accelerate intersection. Def. 25.0
uniform float epsilon; // Specifies precision of intersection. Def. 0.01
vec3 eye = eyePos; // Location of the viewer
uniform vec3 light; // Location of a single point light
// ---------- intersectObject() ------------------------------------------
// Comments from original Julia set implementation:
// Finds the intersection of a ray with origin rO and direction rD with the
// quaternion Julia set specified by quaternion constant c. The intersection
// is found using iterative sphere tracing, which takes a conservative step
// along the ray at each iteration by estimating the minimum distance between
// the current ray origin and the closest point in the Julia set. The
// parameter maxIterations is passed on to iterateIntersect() which determines
// whether the current ray origin is in (or near) the set.
float intersectObject(inout vec3 rO, vec3 rD)
{
float dist ; // The (approximate) distance between the first point along the ray within
// epsilon of some point in the Julia set, or the last point to be tested if
// there was no intersection.
do {
dist = getVertexValue(rO); //distance to surface
rO += rD * epsilon * dist; // (step)
// Intersection testing finishes if we're close enough to the surface
// (i.e., we're inside the epsilon isosurface of the distance estimator
// function) or have left the bounding sphere.
} while (dist >= isolevel && abs(dot(rO, rO)) <= BOUNDING_RADIUS_2);
// Return the distance for this ray
return dist;
}
vec3 normEstimate(vec3 p, vec3 rD){
GRIDCELL cube;
GRIDCELL cubeVector;
vec3 normalAverage = vec3(0.0);
float csh = cubesize * 0.5;
cube.p[0] = p + vec3(-csh, -csh, csh);
cube.p[1] = p + vec3( csh, -csh, csh);
cube.p[2] = p + vec3( csh, -csh, -csh);
cube.p[3] = p + vec3(-csh, -csh, -csh);
cube.p[4] = p + vec3(-csh, csh, csh);
cube.p[5] = p + vec3( csh, csh, csh);
cube.p[6] = p + vec3( csh, csh, -csh);
cube.p[7] = p + vec3(-csh, csh, -csh);
cubeVector.p[0] = vec3(-csh, -csh, csh);
cubeVector.p[1] = vec3( csh, -csh, csh);
cubeVector.p[2] = vec3( csh, -csh, -csh);
cubeVector.p[3] = vec3(-csh, -csh, -csh);
cubeVector.p[4] = vec3(-csh, csh, csh);
cubeVector.p[5] = vec3( csh, csh, csh);
cubeVector.p[6] = vec3( csh, csh, -csh);
cubeVector.p[7] = vec3(-csh, csh, -csh);
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
cube.val[i] = abs(getVertexValue(cube.p[i]));
}
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
normalAverage += cubeVector.p[i]*cube.val[i];
}
return normalize(normalAverage);
}
vec3 normEstimate2(vec3 p) {
return normalize(fwidth(p));
}
// ----------- Phong() --------------------------------------------------
//
// Computes the direct illumination for point pt with normal N due to
// a point light at light and a viewer at eye.
//
// Light properties
uniform vec4 lAmb; // Ambient Color. Default (0.15, 0.15, 0.15, 1.0)
uniform vec4 lDiff; // Diffuse Color. Default (0.85, 0.85, 0.85, 1.0)
uniform vec4 lSpec; // Specular Color. Default (0.35, 0.35, 0.35, 1.0)
uniform float lPower; // Shininess of specular highlight. 0.0 > = 25.0
vec3 lit (float ndotl, float ndoth, float m)
{
float ambient = 1.0;
float diffuse = max(ndotl, 0.0);
float specular = step(0.0,ndotl) * max(ndoth * m, 1.0);
return vec3(ambient, diffuse, specular);
}
vec3 Phong(vec3 light, vec3 eye, vec3 pt, vec3 N)
{
vec3 diffuse = lDiff.rgb; // Base color of shading
//vec3 L = normalize( light - pt ); // Find the vector to the light
vec3 E = normalize( eye - pt ); // Find the vector to the eye
// Halfvector
vec3 H = normalize(E + light);
// Compute blinn lighting
vec3 shades = lit(dot(N, light), dot(N, H), lPower);
vec4 diff = vec4(lDiff * shades.y);
diff.a = 1.0;
// Reflection vector (view space)
vec3 R = vec3(normalize(2.0 * dot(N, light) * N - light));
// Normalized view direction (view space)
// Calculate specular light
vec4 spec = vec4(pow(max(dot(R, E),0.0), lPower*0.2)) * lSpec;
vec4 col = vec4(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
col.rgb *= vec3((lAmb + diff) + spec);
// compute the illumination using the Phong equation
return col.rgb;
}
// ---------- intersectSphere() ---------------------------------------
//
// Finds the intersection of a ray with a sphere with statically
// defined radius BOUNDING_RADIUS centered around the origin. This
// sphere serves as a bounding volume for the Julia set.
vec3 intersectSphere(vec3 rO, vec3 rD)
{
float B, C, d, t0, t1, t;
B = 2.0 * dot(rO, rD);
C = dot(rO, rO) - BOUNDING_RADIUS_2;
d = sqrt(B*B - 4.0*C);
t0 = (-B + d) * 0.5;
t1 = (-B - d) * 0.5;
t = min( t0, t1);
rO += t * rD;
return rO;
}
// ------------ MAIN() -------------------------------------------------
//
// Each fragment performs the intersection of a single ray with
// the quaternion Julia set. In the current implementation
// the ray's origin and direction are passed in on texture
// coordinates, but could also be looked up in a texture for a
// more general set of rays.
//
// The overall procedure for intersection performed in main() is:
//
// • move the ray origin forward onto a bounding sphere surrounding the Julia set
// • test the new ray for the nearest intersection with the Julia set
// • if the ray does include a point in the set:
// • estimate the gradient of the potential function to get a "normal"
// • use the normal and other information to perform Phong shading
// • cast a shadow ray from the point of intersection to the light
// • if the shadow ray hits something, modify the Phong shaded color to represent shadow
// • return the shaded color if there was a hit and the background color otherwise
void main()
{
vec4 col; // This color is the final output of our program.
// Initially set the output color to the background color. It will stay
// this way unless we find an intersection with the Julia set.
vec3 rO = eye;
col = BackColor;
// First, intersect the original ray with a sphere bounding the set, and
// move the origin to the point of intersection. This prevents an
// unnecessarily large number of steps from being taken when looking for
// intersection with the isosurface.
vec3 rD = normalize(vec3(gl_TexCoord[0].xyz)); //the ray direction is interpolated and may need to be normalized
vec3 rDir = rD;
rO = intersectSphere(rO, rD);
// Next, try to find a point along the ray which intersects the Julia set.
// (More details are given in the routine itself.)
float dist = intersectObject(rO, rD);
// We say that we found an intersection if our estimate of the distance to
// the set is smaller than some small value epsilon. In this case we want
// to do some shading / coloring.
if(dist < isolevel)
{
// Determine a "surface normal" which we'll use for lighting calculations.
vec3 N = normEstimate(rO, rD);
// Compute the Phong illumination at the point of intersection.
col.rgb = Phong(light, rD, rO, N);
col.a = 1.0; // Make this fragment opaque
}
//Multiply color by texture
gl_FragColor = col;
}
