with glGetUniformLocation(), I can retrieve an index for one uniform. With glGetUniformIndices(), I can do the same, but also for >1 uniforms.
However, if I just want to retrieve one uniform index, are both equivalent? Or should I still use glGetUniformIndices() instead of glGetUniformLocation() ?
A uniform index is not the same thing as a uniform location. Uniform locations are used by glUniform* calls to modify uniform data stored in programs. Uniform indices are used for querying information about uniforms (name, type, etc).